Brazil

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Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in both South America and Latin America, occupying nearly half of the South American continent and sharing borders with every country on the continent except Ecuador and Chile. It is the fifth-largest country in the world by both area and population, home to a highly diverse population shaped by Indigenous peoples, Portuguese colonizers, enslaved Africans, and successive waves of immigration from Europe, the Middle East, and Asia. Brazil is home to the majority of the Amazon rainforest and the Amazon River basin, home to a vast portion of the world's biodiversity, along with other major biomes such as the Cerrado savanna and the Pantanal wetlands. Colonized by Portugal beginning in 1500, Brazil remained a colony until its independence in 1822, later becoming a republic in 1889 following the abolition of slavery the previous year. Today, Brazil has the largest economy in Latin America and is classified as a newly industrialized country, with major industries in agriculture, mining, manufacturing, and services, and it is widely known internationally for its football culture, Carnival celebrations, and immense ecological importance to the planet.